Abbreviations to Sources
Many online copies of newspapers, periodicals, journals and tithe plans and schedule may be accessed at darganfod.llyfrgell.cymru/discovery/search. Newspapers are distinguished by inverted commas in the full citation, eg. ‘Yr Amserau’.
AbbPlac Abbreviation Placitorum, Richard I-Edward I, ed. Rt. Hon. G. Rose and W. Illingworth (Record Commissioners. London 1811)
AbstractAR Abstract of the Answers and Returns made pursuant to an Act, passed in the 43rd Year of His Majesty King George III. intituled, “An Act for procuring Returns relative to the Expence and Maintenance of the Poor in England” (House of Commons 1804)
AC Archaeologia Cambrensis. The Journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association (1846- ) (Followed by year of publication)
ADG1 Gwynedd O. Pierce, Tomos Roberts a Hywel Wyn Owen, Ar Draws Gwlad (Llanrwst 1997)
ADG2 Gwynedd O. Pierce a Tomos Roberts, Ar Draws Gwlad 2 (Llanrwst 1999)
adj. adjective
adj. adjoining
adv. adverb
AFr Anglo-French
AH Astudiaethau ar yr Hengerdd, ed. Rachel Bromwich and R. Brinley Jones (Cardiff 1978)
Alm Welsh almanac 1701, Powys Archives M/D/BOM/3/168
AMR Archif Melville Richards, Bangor University <e-gymraeg.co.uk/enwaulleoedd/amr>
Amserau ‘Yr Amserau’ (online 1846-1859)
ANG Anglesey, Ynys Môn
AnnC Annales Cambriae, ed. J. Williams ab Ithel (Roll Series, London 1860). [MS A: BL Harleian 3859 [compiled 954; MS. c.1100); MS B : Breviate Domesday (late 13th cent) MS C : BL Cotton Domitian (1288)]
AnnCBCDE Annales Cambriae: B, C, D, & E in parallel, from AD 1251 to 1289, ed. Henry W.
Gough-Cooper (2024). Online at <http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk>
ASC The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ed. Charles Plummer (London 1892). 2 vols. Translated by G.N. Garmonsway (London 1953) superceded by <www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth> with translation <omad.org/Anglo/>
ASCOT The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Original Texts, ed. B. Thorpe (Chronicles and Memorials 1861)
ASCCE The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. A collaborative edition, general eds. David Dumville and Simon Keynes. Volume 3 MS A, ed. Janet M Bately (Cambridge 1986); Volume 6. MS.D, ed. G P Cubbin (Cambridge 1996)
asp. aspirate mutation
AWR The Acts of Welsh Rulers 1120-1283, ed. Huw Pryce (Cardiff 2005)
Bangor Bangor University Archives and Special Collections
Bathafarn Bathafarn: Cylchgrawn Hanes yr Eglwys Fethodistiaeth yng Nghymru (1940- )
BBC The Black Book of Carmarthen: The Stanzas of the Grave, ed. John Gwenogvryn Evans (Pwllheli 1906) [MS. NLW Pen 1: mid 13cent]
BBCS The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies (Board of Celtic Studies. Oxford 1921-1992)
Bede Bede, Historica Ecclesiastica, ed. B. Colgrave and R.A.B. Mynors (Oxford 1969)
BFees The Book of Fees (Testa de Nevill) (London 1921-31). 3 vols.
Blome A GenerallMapp of North Wales (1673)
Bodl The Bodleian Library, Oxford
BodlA Bodleian Library MS. Ashmole <https://emlo/bodleian.ox.ac.uk/forms>
Bowen BD Britannia Depicta or Ogilby Improved by Emmanuel Bowen [map 1729] (facsimile repr. Newcastle 1970) and 1760
Bowen MNW T. and E. Bowen, An Accurate Map of North Wales (1763)
BR Breudwyt Ronabwy, gol. Melville Richards (Caerdydd 1948, 1959) [c.1220-25 (c.1400)]
BrenS Brenhinedd y Saesson or the Kings of the Saxons, ed. Thomas Jones (Board of Celtic Studies. Cardiff 1971)
Bret Breton
Briggs Index Keith Briggs, An Index to Personal Names in English Place-Names (EPNS. Nottingham 2021) <https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/research/groups/epns/downloads.aspx> [This source is a finding aid, as the author stresses, and has the purpose of helping researchers to ‘evaluate the probability of existence of conjectural personal names when considering new etymologies’. It should not be used as an authoritative source of personal names]
Brit British
BrutPen Brut y Tywysogyon (Peniarth MS. 20), ed. Thomas Jones (Board of Celtic Studies. Cardiff 1941) [14th cent]
Brython ‘Y Brython’ (NLW online 1914-1919)
BTal Facsimile and Text of the Book of Taliesin, argraffiad John Gwenogvryn Evans (Llanbedrog 1910) [NLW Peniarth 2 MS early 14cent]
BWLl Barddoniaeth Wiliam Llŷn, ed. J.C. Morrice (Bangor 1908) [1535-80]
Bye-gones Bye-gones relating to Wales and the Border Counties (Oswestry 1871-1919)
c. circa
Cambrian ‘The Cambrian’ (online 1804-1919)
CambrianN ‘Cambrian News and Merionethshire Standard’ (online 1869-1919)
CamQ Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory (online 1829-1833)
CambrianR The Cambrian Remembrancer, relating to North Wales (online 1877-1879)
Cane Meredith Cane, ‘Personal Names of Men in Wales, Cornwall and Brittany 400-1400 AD’ (PhD thesis University of Wales, Aberystwyth 2003)
CarlisleTD Nicholas Carlisle, A Topographical Dictionary of the Dominion of Wales (London
1811)
CartSax Cartularium Saxonicum: A collection of charters relating to Anglo-Saxon history, I (London 1885), II (London 1887), III (London 1893)
Cary Cary’s maps (1783- )
CAS I-XXIX Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society Transactions (Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society 1905-39)
CAS 1- Carmarthenshire Antiquary (Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society 1941 to present)
CAUG Records of the Court of Augmentations relating to Wales and Monmouthshire, ed. E.A. Lewis and James Conway Davies (Board of Celtic Studies. Cardiff 1954)
CAYS The charters of the abbey of Ystrad Marchell, ed. Graham C.G. Thomas (NLW. Aberystwyth 1997)
CCA 1605-1666 Chirk Castle Accounts, A.D. 1605-1666, compiled by W.M. Myddelton (privately printed 1908)
CCA 1666-1753 Chirk Castle Accounts A.D. 1666-1753, ed. W.M. Myddelton (Manchester University Press 1931)
CChanc Calendar of Chancery Rolls, Various, 1277-1326 (London 1912)
CChR Calendar of the Charter Rolls (London 1903-1927)
CCR Calendar of the Close Rolls (London 1892- )
CDEPN The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, ed. Victor Watts(Cambridge 2004)
CeltRem Lewis Morris, Celtic Remains (1757; copy 1778), ed. D. Silvan Evans (Cambrian
Archaeological Association. London 1878)
Census Census returns (followed by year)
cf. compare
CFR Calendar of the Fine Rolls (London 1911-63)
ch(s). church, -es
chp(s). chapel, -s
CIGE Cywyddau Iolo Goch ac Eraill, gol. Henry Lewis, Thomas Roberts ac Ifor Williams (Caerdydd 1937)
CIM Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous (London 1916-69). 7 vols.
CIPM Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem (London 1904- )
CIPME Calendarium Inquisitionum Post Mortem sive Excaetarum, ed. J. Caley and J. Bayley (Record Commissioners. London 1806-28). 4 vols.
CLibR Calendar of the Liberate Rolls (London 1917-61)
CLlH Ifor Williams, Canu Llywarch Hen (Cardiff 1935; 2nd ed. Caerdydd ac Aberystwyth 1978)
CLR Close Rolls, Henry III. (London 1902-75). 15 vols.
Clustnodydd Clustnodydd y Bugail, neu Gydymaith y Bugail (Caernarfon 1868)
cmt(s). commote, -s
ColD Francis Green, Calendars of Deeds and Documents. Vol. 1. The Coleman Deeds (NLW Aberystwyth 1921)
Cole & Roper G. Cole and J. Roper, Montgomeryshire (map 1809)
coll.n. collective noun
conj. conjunction
CPapL Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland. Papal Letters, 1198-1492 (London 1894-1961). 14 vols.
CPapPet Calendar of Papal Registers…Petitions to the Pope, 1342-1419 (London 1897)
CPAT Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
CPHer Calendar of Probate and Administration Acts 1407-1550 in the Consistory Court of the Bishops of Hereford, ed. M.A. Faraday (author 2008)
CPR Calendar of the Patent Rolls (London 1891- )
CrMald T.I. Ellis, Crwydro Maldwyn (Cyfres Crwydro Cymru. Llandybīe 1957)
CRMRO Carmarthenshire Record Office/Archives
CronW Humphrey Llwyd. Cronica Walliae, ed. Ieuan M. Williams (Cardiff 2002) [1559]
CrossD Calendars of Deeds and Documents. Vol. II. The Crosswood Deeds, ed. Francis Green (NLW Aberystwyth 1927)
CSP Calendar of State Papers Domestic (followed by vol. or covering dates)
ctf(s). cantref, -i
CTG George Nicholson, The Cambrian Traveller’s Guide (2nd ed. London 1813)
CurR Curia Regis Rolls (London 1922-2002)
Cymm Y Cymmrodor. The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (London 1877- )
Cymru Owen Jones, Cymru: yn Hanesyddol, Parthedegol, a Bywgraphydol, gol. O. Jones (Llundain 1875). 2 vols.
dat. dative
DBCHE Domesday Book. Cheshire, ed. Philip Morgan (Chichester 1978)
DBGLO Domesday Book. Gloucestershire, ed. John S. Moore (Chichester 1982)
DBHS Denbighshire Historical Society Transactions (1952- )
DBSHR Domesday Book. Shropshire, ed. Frank and Caroline Thorn (Chichester 1986)
def.art. definite article
DEPN Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English PlaceNames- (Oxford, 4th edition 1960)
DEWales A description of England and Wales. containing A particular Account of each County, III-VI (London 1769)
DitG ‘Ditectif Geiriau’ in ‘The Western Mail’ newspaper
Diwygiwr Y Diwygiwr (online 1836-1910)
DPNW Hywel Wyn Owen and Richard Morgan, Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales (Llandysul 2007, 2008)
Drayton Michael Drayton, Polyolbion… (London 1612, 1662), ed. J. William Hebel, volumes iv and v (Oxford 1931-41)
Drych ‘Y Drych’ (online 1875-1919)
Drysorfa Y Drysorfa (online 1831-1967)
Dydd Dyddiadur neu Gydymaith i’r Almanac, gan L.E. Jones (Caernarfon 1836, 1838)
DysgC Dysgedydd Crefyddol (online 1821-1910)
E English
EANC R.J. Thomas, Enwau Afonydd a Nentydd Cymru (Caerdydd 1938)
Ecton 1723 John Ecton, Liber Valorum et Decimarum (London 1711; 3rd edition London 1723)
Ecton 1742 John Ecton, Liber Valorum et Decimarum (London 1742)
ECPW An Inventory of the Early Chancery Proceedings concerning Wales, ed. E.A. Lewis (Board of Celtic Studies. Cardiff 1937)
EEA English Episcopal Acta (Canterbury 1991)
Efangylydd Yr Efangylydd (online 1831-35)
EHR The English Historical Review (1886- )
ELl Ifor Williams, Enwau Lleoedd (Liverpool 1945, 1969)
ELlM Richard Morgan, Enwau Lleoedd ym Maldwyn, addasiad Dai Hawkins (Llanrwst 2001)
ELlSD Dewi Machreth Ellis, Enwau Lleoedd Sir Drefaldwyn (University of Wales Aberystwyth 1935)
ELlSG J. Lloyd-Jones, Enwau Lleoedd Sir Gaernarfon (Caerdydd 1928)
EnwC Josiah Thomas Jones, Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol o Enwogion Cymru (Aberdar 1867)
EPCW Exchequer Proceedings (Equity) concerning Wales, ed. E.G. Jones (Board of Celtic Studies. Cardiff 1939)
EPNE A.H. Smith, English Place-Name Elements (English Place-Name Society, Cambridge 1956)
EPNS English Place-Name Society
EurgrawnW Eurgrawn Wesleyaidd (online 1809-1910)
EvansTour Thomas Evans, A Gentleman’s Tour through Monmouthshire and Wales, In the Months of June and July 1774 (London 1781)
EvansNW John Evans, Map of North Wales [1795] (The Beauties of England and Wales, ed. E.W. Brayley and J. Britton, 1801-14, Vol. XVII.i)
EWGT Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, ed. P.C. Bartrum (Cardiff 1966)
ExBY The First Extent of Bromfield and Yale, ed. T.P. Ellis (Cymmrodorion Record Series 11. London 1924
Eyton R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire 1-12 (Shrewsbury 1854-1860)
fem. feminine
Fenton Richard Fenton, Tours in Wales (1804-13), ed. J. Fisher (AC supplement. London 1917)
Fenton (Lh) Transcripts from Cardiff Library MS 2.59 (formerly Phillipps 14,459) drawn from Edward Lhuyd after 1696 published as appendix iv to Fenton, pp. 332-349
FFW Fouke Le Fitz Waryn, ed. E.J. Hathaway and others (Oxford 1978)
FlorW Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex chronicis, ed. Benjamin Thorpe (English Historical Society 1848-9)
fm(s). farm(s)
fn(s). field-name(s)
Fr French
GASM Gwynedd Archives Service, Meirionnydd Record Office
GBGG J. Lloyd-Jones, Geirfa Barddoniaeth Gynnar Gymraeg (Caerdydd 1931, 1933). 2 parts.
GCBM1, 2 Gwaith Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, gol. Nerys Ann Jones a Ann Parry Owen (Caerdydd 19911) (Caerdydd 19952)
GDB Gwaith Dafydd Benfras ac eraill o feirdd hanner cyntaf y drydedd ganrif ar ddeg, gol. N.G. Costigan (Bosco), R. Geraint Gruffydd, ac eraill (Caerdydd 1995)
GDGOR Gwaith Dafydd Gorlech, gol. Erwain H. Rheinallt (Aberystwyth 1997)
GDID Gwaith Deio ab Ieuan Du a Gwilym ab Ieuan Hen, gol. A. Eleri Davies (Caerdydd 1964)
GDLl Gwaith Dafydd Llwyd o Fathafarn, ed. W Leslie Richards (Cardiff 1964)
GeiriauMald ‘Geiriau Llafar Dwyrain Maldwyn’ in Cymru 51-53 (1916-17)
Geninen Y Geninen (online 1883-1910)
gen.sg. genitive singular
GGG1, 2 Gwaith Guto’r Glyn, gol. Ifor Williams a John Llywelyn Williams (Caerdydd 19391; 19612)
GGM Gwaith y Parch. Walter Davies A.C. (Gwallter Mechain), gol. D. Silvan Evans (Caerfyrddin 1866-68). 3 vols. [1761-1844] <https://archive.org/stream /generalviewwagri10britgoog# and www.llyfrgell.cymru/darganford/oriel-ddigidol>
GIF Gwaith Iorwerth Fynglwyd, gol. E.I. Rowlands (Caerdydd 1975)
Gildas Monumenta Germaniae Historica, ed. Th. Mommsen (Berlin 1898; reprinted 1961)
GLGC1 Gwaith Lewis Glyn Cothi.I., gol. E.D. Jones (Caerdydd ac Aberystwyth 1953)
GLGC2 Gwaith Lewys Glyn Cothi, gol. Dafydd Johnston (Caerdydd 1995)
GMBD Gwaith Meilyr Brydydd a’i Ddisgynyddion, gol. J.E. Caerwyn Williams et al. (Caerdydd 1994)
GPC Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru <www.geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc>
gr. grange
Greal Y Greal: sef cylchgrawn misol at wasanaeth y Bedyddwyr (Llangollen) (online 1855-1875)
GRO Glamorgan Archives (formerly Glamorgan Record Office), Cardiff
GRO CL Glamorgan Archives, Cardiff Library accessions
GSC Gwaith Siôn Ceri, gol. A. Cynfael Lake (Aberystwyth 1996(
GTA Gwaith Tudur Aled, gol. Thomas Gwynne Jones (Caerdydd 1926)
GWCC Chris Grooms, The giants of Wales – Cewri Cymru (Lewiston c.1993)
Gwladgarwr ‘Y Gwladgarwr’(online 1833-1841, 1843, 1851)
HanBed James Spinther James, Hanes y Bedyddwyr yng Nghymru (Caerfyrddin 1896-1907)
Haul Yr Haul; neu drysorfa o wybodaeth hanesiol a gwladwriaethol (followed by year and page number) (online 1836-1910)
HB Nennius. Historia Brittonum, ed. T. Mommsen, in Munimenta Germaniae Historica. XIII. Chronica Majora (Berlin 1894); ed. John Morris (London 1980) [c.829]. De Mirabilibus Britanniae
HBed2 David Jones, Hanes y Bedyddwyr yn Neheubarth Cymru (Caerfyrddin 1839)
HBT A Handbook for Travellers in South Wales (John Murray. London 1860)
HBVP Hanes Bywyd a Marwolaethau y Parchedig Mr. Fafasor Powell (J. Ross. Caerfyrddin 1772)
HC The Cartulary of Haughmond Abbey, ed. Una Rees (Shropshire Archaeological Society and University of Wales Press. Cardiff 1985)
HCamb1 The Historie of Cambria, now called Wales … translated into English by H. Lhoyd … augmented … by Dauid Powel (London 1584)
HCamb2 The History of Wales … by Caradoc of Llancarvan translated by Dr. Powell and augmented by W. Wynne (1784; new edn. Merthyr Tydfil 1812)
hd(s). hundred(s)
HDSA Revd D.R. Thomas, A history of the diocese of St. Asaph (London1874 and Oswestry 1908-1913) 3 vols.
HEALl Glenda Carr, Hen enwau o Arfon, Llŷn ac Eifionydd (Caernarfon 2011)
HER Historic Environment Record
HGC Hen Gerddi Grefyddol, gol. Henry Lewis (Caerdydd 1931)
HHarrisIt The Itinerary of Howell Harris 1735-52, ed. M.H. Jones: 1 – 1735-1745 (appendix to JCHMS VIII (1923)) and 2 – 1746-1753 (appendix to JCHMS X (1925))
HHunt Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon. Historia Anglorum. The History of the English People, ed. Diana Greenway (Oxford Medieval Texts 1996) [d.1160]
Higden Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden Monachi Cestrensis ed. C Babington (7 vols. London 1865)
HLlandinam B. Bennett Rowlands, A History of Llandinam and Parish [1915], ed. Jeremy Pryce and Susan Brachi (Llandinam 2002)
HMachynlleth David Wyn Davies, The Town of a Prince. A History of Machynlleth (Machynlleth Rotary Club 1991)
HMC Historical Manuscripts Commission
HNewtown Maurice Richards, A History of Newtown (Powysland Club 1993)
HMTI Edward Griffith, Hanes Methodistiaeth Trefaldwyn Isaf (Caernarfon 1914)
ho(s). houses(s)
Holinshed The First and Second Volumes of Chronicles … First Collected and Published by William Harrison, and others … 1586, by John Hooker alias Vowell Gent [actually dates 1587] Edited by Henry Ellis and others (London 1807) in 6 vols.
ho.n(s). house-name(s)
HPLlanrhaeadr Canon Silas Evans, Hanes Plwyf Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant (Llandysul 1940)
HPowysF J.Y.W. Lloyd, The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog (London 1881-1887) 6 voumes <babel.kathitrust.org/cgi>
ht(s). hamlet(s)
HW Sir J. E. Lloyd, A History of Wales (London 1911)
HWG Hugh Jones, Hanes Wesleyaeth Gymreig (Bangor 1911-3)
INDV J. Adams, Index Villaris: or, an Exact Register, Alphabetically Digested, of all the Cities, Market-Towns, Parishes, Villages etc. … in England and Wales 1680 (London 1700) <archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_index-villaris-_adams-john>
Ir Irish
JCMHS Journal of the Calvinistic Methodist Society / Cylchgrawn Cymdeithas Hanes y Methodistiaeth Calfinaidd (1916- )
Kitchin Thomas Kitchin’s Maps (1750- —) in E. Bowen and T. Kitchin, The Large English Atlas (c.1762)
LangleyB Langley and Belch, Langley’s New Map of Montgomeryshire, London 1818
LangleyD Langley and Belch, Langley’s New Map of Denbighshire
LBS The Lives of the British Saints, ed. S. Baring-Gould and John Fisher (Cymmrodorion Record Series. London 1907-13), 4 vols.
Leland The Itinerary in Wales of John Leland, in or about the years 1537-1539, ed. Lucy Toulin-Smith (London 1906)
LelandIt The Itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535-1543, ed. Lucy Toulmin Smith (London 1906-1910). 9 parts in 5 vols.
len. lenition (soft mutation)
LewisTD Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London 1843; 3rd edn. 1845; 4th edn. 1849)
LGCDeth Lewys Glyn Cothi (Detholiad), gol. E.D. Jones (Caerdydd 1984)
Lhuyd Humphrey Lhuyd, The Breuiary of Britayne, trans. Thomas Twyne (London 1573)
Lhuyd Map Cambriae Typus Auctore Hvmfredo Lhvydo 1573 <upload.wikimedia.org.uk/wikipedia/ commons/e/e9/Cambriae_Typus_NLW.jpg>
LlawHen Llawysgrif Hendregadredd, cop. Rhiannon Morris-Jones, gol. J. Morris-Jones a T.H. Parry-Williams (Caerdydd 1933) [NLW MS. 6680C. Early 14th cent.]
LlCA Summa Libri Rubei Asaphensis Communiter dicti ‘Llyfr Coch Asaph’ (Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica 2. London 1835, pp.253-279)
LlDC Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin, gol. A.O.H. Jarman (Caerdydd 1982) [mid/late 13thC]
LlGPW James Beverley Smith, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales (Cardiff 1998)
LGW A.R. Thomas, The Linguistic Geography of Wales (Cardiff 1973)
LLP Y Llyfr Plygain 1612 [4th ed.], adargraffwyd, trwy ganiatâd, o’r unig gopi y gwyddys amdano, sef yr un sydd yn awr yn yr Henry E. Huntingdon Library, San Marino, California, ed. Daniel Powell, with notes by John Fisher and John Ballinger (Cardiff 1931)
L & P Calendar of Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII (in the TNA) (London 1862-1932)
lp(s). lordship(s)
LPNS Local place-name survey conducted by Aled T. Williams, 2012-2024
LW Littere Wallie, ed. J.G. Edwards (BCardiff 1940)
MA The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales, ed. Owain Jones, Edward Williams and William Owen (Pughe) (London 1801-7). References taken from the second edition, Denbigh 1870). 3 vols.2
Mab1 The Mabinogion. A New Translation, ed. T.P. Ellis and J. Lloyd (Oxford 1929)
Mab2 The Mabinogion, trans. Gwyn Jones and Thomas Jones (London 1948; 1970)
Mab3 The Mabinogion, trans. and ed. Sioned Davies (Oxford’s World Classics. Oxford 2007)
MabRB The Mabinogion. The Red Book of Hergest, ed. Lady Charlotte Guest (London 1877), repr. by Forgotten Books 2007
MabRBH The Text of the Mabinogion … from the Red Book of Hergest, ed. John Rhýs and J. Gwenogvryn Evans (Oxford 1887)
Maldwyn Maldwyn a’i Chyffiniau (Bro’r Eisteddfod), gol. Gwynn ap Gwilym a Richard H. Lewis (Abertawe 1981)
Malkin Benjamin Heath Malkin, The Scenery, Antiquities, and Biography, of South Wales, from materials collected during two excursions in the year 1803 (London 1804; second ed., 1807)
masc. masculine
MC Rev. John Hughes, Methodistiaeth Cymru: sef hanes blaenorol a gwedd bresenol y Methodistaid Calfinaidd yn Nghymru (3 vols. Gwrecsam 1851, 1854, 1856)
ME Middle English (c.1150-c.1500)
mess. messuage
MExRT ‘Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times’ (online 1804-1919)
MMerlin ‘The Monmouthshire Merlin’ (online 1829-1884)
ModE Modern English (c.1500 to present)
ModW Modern Welsh
MontC Collections Historical and Archaeological relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders andThe Montgomeryshire Collections (The Powysland Club 1868- —)
MontChS Heneb. Montgomeryshire Churches Survey <heneb.org.uk/archive/cpat/Archive/ churches/montgom>
MontR Montgomeryshire Records from Collections Historical and Archaeological relating to Montgomeryshire and its borders (Powysland Club 1911)
MontRS Montgomeryshire Records. Supplements (Powysland Club 1896-1929)
Morden The County Maps from William Camden’s Britannia 1695 by Robert Morden. A Facsimile (1972) (followed by name of county)
MorrisAL ‘Additional letters of the Morrises of Anglesey (1735-86)’, trans. and ed. Hugh Owen, Y Cymmrodor IX (1888), pp.152-9
MorrisL The Letters of Lewis, Richard, William and John Morris of Anglesey, ed. J.H. Davies (Aberystwyth 1907, 1909). 2 vols.
MP David Stephenson, Medieval Powys. Kingdom, principality and lordships, 1132-1293 (Woodbridge 2016)
MTG Montgomeryshire (1536-1974)
MW Middle Welsh
n(s). name(s), noun(s)
NBH Nennius. British History and the Welsh Annals, ed. and trans. John Morris (Phillimore. Chichester 1980)
NCPN B.G. Charles, NonCeltic Place-Names in Wales- (Cardiff 1938)
Negesydd ‘Y Negesydd’ 1895-1909
NEWAD North-East Wales Archives, Ruthin/Rhuthun
NEWAF North-East Wales Archives, Hawarden/Penarlâg
nf. feminine noun
NLS The National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh
NLW The National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth
NLW The National Library of Wales followed by archives collection concise references
NLW BMTC The National Library of Wales. Papers relating to the Boundaries of the Manors of Talerthig and Cyfeiliog, 1683-7, cited by Ellis in ELlSD
NLWJ The National Library of Wales Journal (1939- )
NLW Wynnstay The National Library of Wales, Wynnstay collection cited in ELlSD but not identified in online lists. Items identified in online finding aids are cited as NLW WYNNSTAY/(number)
nm. masculine noun
nmf. masculine or feminine noun
n.pl. plural noun
n.sg. singular noun
NTC The Names of Towns and Cities in Britain, ed. Margaret Gelling, W.F.H. Nicolaisen and Melville Richards (London 1970)
NWChron ‘The North Wales Chronicle and Advertiser for the Principality’ (online 1827-1919)
OBret Old Breton
ODEPN A.D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of English PlaceNames- (2nd ed. Oxford 1998)
OE Old English
OFr Old French
OGCasebook Owain Glyndŵr. A Casebook, ed. Michael Livingston and John K. Bollard (Liverpool 2013)
Ogilby John Ogilby’s road maps 1675: facs. Britannia (Reading 1971) and 1698
OIr Old Irish
OLEH Henry Ellis, Original Letters illustrative of English History I (second series 1825), II (second series 1827)
ON Old Norse
OPemb The Description of Penbrokshire, by George Owen of Henllys, Lord of Kemes, ed. Henry Owen, notes by Egerton Phillimore (London 1872-1906) [1603]
OS Ordnance Survey
OSD Ordnance Survey drawing (followed by name of sheet and number)
OW Old Welsh
p(s). parish(es)
Parochialia Parochialia, ed. R.H. Morris (Archaeologia Cambrensis supplements 1909-11)
ParWall A.W. Wade-Evans, Parochiale Wallicanum or, the Names of Churches, Chapels, etc. … (Stow-on-the-Wold 1911) <archive.org/details/cu31924029444795>
PatLat Patrologia Latina, ed. Jacques-Paul Migne <patristica.net/latina/>
PCh Proceedings in Chancery in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I, with examples of proceedings from Richard II. Calendars, ed. J. Caley and Bayley (Record Commissioners, 1827-32). 3 vols.
Pennant Thomas Pennant, Tours in Wales [1770-?73, 1778-81], ed. John Rhýs (Caernarfon 1883). 3 vols. [reprinted Wrexham 1991]
pers.n(s). personal name(s)
Pigot’s Pigot and Co.’s New Commercial Directory for Staffordshire, Worcestershire, Shropshire and North Wales (Manchester 1834)
PipeRS The Pipe Roll Society [roman numbers converted to arabic]
PipeRS NS The Pipe Roll Society, New Series
PKM Pedeir Keinc y Mabinogi, gol. Ifor Williams (Caerdydd 1930) <https://archive.org/details/pedeirkeincymabi00will/page/n3/mode/2up>
pl. plural
pn(s). place-name(s)
PNAng Gwilym T. Jones and Tomos Roberts, Enwau Lleoedd Môn. The Place-Names of Anglesey (Bangor 1996)
PNChe J.McN. Dodgson, Place-Names of Cheshire (EPNS 44-48, 54. Cambridge 1970-81)
PNCrd Iwan Wmffre, The Place-Names of Cardiganshire (BAR British Series 379 (I) 2004)
PNEW J.B. Johnston, The Place-Names of England and Wales (London 1915) <archive.org/details/place-namesofeng100johnuoft>
PNFLI Hywel Wyn Owen and Ken Lloyd Gruffydd, Place-Names of Flintshire (University of Wales Press 2017)
PNGlamorgan Richard Morgan, Place-Names of Glamorgan (Welsh Academic Press. Cardiff 2019)
PNGLo A.H. Smith, The Place-Names of Gloucestershire (EPNS 38-40. Cambridge 1964-65)
PNMont Richard Morgan, A Study of Montgomeryshire Place-Names (Llanrwst 2001)
PNPemb B.G. Charles, The Place-Names of Pembrokeshire- (Aberystwyth 1992)
PNRB A.L.F. Rivet and Colin Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain (London 1979)
PNShr IX Paul Cavill with Sarah Beach, The Place-Names of Shropshire, Part Nine (EPNS Nottingham 2020)
PNTDHI Jeff Denton and others, Taxatio (The Digital Humanities Institute, Sheffield 2014) PowysA Powys Archives, Llandrindod
PPC Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council of England, 1386-1542 (Records Commissioners 1834-1837) 7 vols.
PPEW Wendy Davies, Patterns of Power in Early Wales (Oxford 1990)
PQW Placita de Quo Warranto, Edw. I-Edw. III, ed. W. Illingworth (Record Commissioners. London 1818)
PRBH The Poetry in the Red Book of Hergest, ed. John Gwenogvryn Evans (Llanbedrog 1911; publ. 1925) [c.1400]
PReg parish register
prep. preposition
pron. pronounced, pronunciation
Ptolemy Ptolemy, Geography, ed. C. Müller and C.T. Fischer (Leipzig 1898-1903)
q.v. quod vide as a cross-referral
r(s). river(s)
RB Romano-British
RBH The Red Book of Hergest (Jesus College, Oxford, MS CXI) [c.1375-1425]
RC II The Religious Census of 1851. A Calendar of the Returns relating to Wales, II. North Wales, ed. I.G. Jones (Cardiff 1981)
RecCRN Registrum vulgariter nuncupatum “The Record of Caernarvon” [BL Harleian MS 696], ed. Henry Ellis (Record Commissioners. London 1838)
ref(s). reference(s)
RegCant The Register of Thomas de Cantilupe …, A.D. 1275-1282, ed. R.G. Griffiths and W.W. Capes (Canterbury and York Society 2. Hereford 1907)
RegCharl Registrum Thome de Charlton … A.D. 1327-1344, ed. W.W. Capes (Canterbury and York Society 9. Hereford 1913)
RegPeckham Registrum Epistolarum Johannis Peckham, Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, ed. C.T. Martin (Chronicles and Memorials. London 1882, 1884, 1886). 3 vols.
RegSpoff Registrum Thome Spofford …, 1422-1448, ed. A.T. Bannister (Canterbury and York Society 23. Hereford 1919)
RegSwin Registrum Ricardi de Swinfield …, A.D. 1283-1317, ed. W.W. Capes (Canterbury and York Society 6. Hereford 1909)
RevC Revue Celtique (1870-1934) later Études Celtique (1936- )
RFWM Roman Frontiers in Wales and the Marches, ed. Barry C. Burnham and Jeffrey L. Davies (Royal Commissioners on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. Aberystwyth 2010)
rn(s). river-name(s)
RotCl Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in Turri Londinensi asservati (1204-1227), ed. T.D. Hardy (Record Commissioners. London 1833, 1844). 2 vols.
RotH Rotuli Hundredorum, ed. W. Illingworth and J. Caley (Record Commissioners. London 1812-13)
Saxton Christopher Saxton, An atlas of the counties of England and Wales… (London 1579, 1607)
SER The Roll of the Shropshire Eyre of 1256, ed. Alan Harding (Selden Society 96. London 1981)
Seren Seren Gomer 1814-1983 (online 1814-1983 followed by year and page number)
Seren Cymru ‘Seren Cymru’ 1851-1919 (followed by date of issue)
SHRA Shropshire Archives, Shrewsbury
sing. singular
sp(s). spelling(s)
Speed John Speed’s Atlas, part ii Wales (1610) (London 1676). Facsimiles used in: The Counties of Britain. A Tudor Atlas by John Speed, introduction by Nigel Nicolson, county commentaries by Alasdair Hawkyard (London 1988)
STFL Stephen William Williams, The Cistercian abbey of Strata Florida (London 1889)
SWB William Rees, South Wales and the Border in the XIV Century (map. OS 1933)
t(s). township(s)
Tacitus Tacitus Annals, ed. C.D. Fisher (Oxford 1906)
TCym Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (London 1893- )
TMW Ian Soulsby, The Towns of Medieval Wales (Chichester 1983)
TNA The National Archives, Kew
TRad Transactions of the Radnorshire Society (1931- )
Trevecka I The Trevecka MSS. (appendix to the Journal of the Calvinistic Methodist Historical Society. 1st Series (1917-21))
TSAS Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society (1878- )
TWS Elissa R. Henken, Traditions of the Welsh Saints (Cambridge 1987)
v. see
VGFC Vita Griffini Filii Canani. The Medieval Latin Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan, ed. and translated by Paul Russell (University of Wales Press. Cardiff 2005) [This is based on NLW Peniarth MS. 434 attributed to Edward Thelwall and his amanuensis, late 16th cent drawing on a Latin text 1137 x 1148. It is clear that Thelwall is also drawing on a Welsh text with substantial differences
VN The Valuation of Norwich, ed. W.E. Lunt (Oxford 1926)
VO Voprosy onomastiki (Problems of Onomastics) (Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Federal University (2004-)
VSB Vitae Sanctorum Britanniae et Genealogiae, ed. A.W. Wade-Evans (Cardiff 1944): new edition with introduction by Scott Lloyd (Welsh Academic Press. Cardiff 2013) with same pagination
W Welsh
WAR The Welsh Assize Roll 1277-84, ed. James Conway Davies (Cardiff 1940) [TNA JUST
1/1147]. Davies adopts a running number which includes individual slips attached to individual membranes on front and back.
WATU Melville Richards, Welsh Administrative and Territorial Units (Cardiff 1969; 1971)
WB Thomas M. Charles-Edwards, Wales and the Britons 350-1064 (Oxford University Press 2013)
WCist David H. Williams, The Welsh Cistercians (Leominster 2001)
WCO A.W. Wade-Evans, Welsh Christian Origins (Oxford 1934)
Wendover Roger of Wendover, Chronica, ed. H.O. Coxe (English Historical Society, 1841-44)
WGAS West Glamorgan Archives Service, Swansea
WHR The Welsh History Review (1960-)
Worcestre William Worcestre. Itineraries, ed. John H. Harvey (Oxford Medieval Texts. Oxford 1969)
WSS Rev. Rice Rees, An Essay on the Welsh Saints or the Primitive Christians (London 1836)
WWales George Borrow, Wild Wales: its people, language and scenery, ed. C.J.L. Price (London 1955)